Used 2024 Volvo XC40 for Sale nearToronto, ON
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Black
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 172,000
- Stock #:
- 048874
- VIN:
- YV4L12UK6P2048874


Sponsored by Elite Luxury Motors
2023 Volvo XC40
B5 Core AWD
172,000 km
$19,888
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Gray
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 82,829
- Stock #:
- P4090
- VIN:
- YV4L12UW6P2915547

Sponsored Listing
2023 Volvo XC40
B5 Plus Dark Theme AWD
82,829 km
$29,888
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 92,021
- Stock #:
- RGK2175
- VIN:
- YV4L12UW7P2054542

Sponsored Listing
2023 Volvo XC40
B5 Plus Dark Theme AWD
92,021 km
$29,698
- Year:
- 2024
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Blue
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 22,310
- Stock #:
- 49626
- VIN:
- YV4L12UE0R2223729

2024 Volvo XC40
B5 Plus Bright Theme AWD
22,310 km
$36,439
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior colour:
- Black
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 23,965
- Stock #:
- 104673
- VIN:
- YV4L12UX1P2914783

2023 Volvo XC40
B5 Ultimate Dark Theme AWD
23,965 km
$32,990
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Gray
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 82,829
- Stock #:
- P4090
- VIN:
- YV4L12UW6P2915547

2023 Volvo XC40
B5 Plus Dark Theme AWD
82,829 km
$29,888
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Black
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 172,000
- Stock #:
- 048874
- VIN:
- YV4L12UK6P2048874

2023 Volvo XC40
B5 Core AWD
172,000 km
$19,888
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Black
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 85,920
- Stock #:
- P2087396
- VIN:
- YV4L12UW0P2087396

2023 Volvo XC40
B5 Plus Dark Theme AWD
85,920 km
$29,899
- Year:
- 2024
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Silver
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 38,079
- Stock #:
- V9619
- VIN:
- YV4L12UE5R2227355

2024 Volvo XC40
B5 Plus Bright Theme AWD
38,079 km
$38,347
- Year:
- 2025
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Brown (Beige)
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 15,113
- Stock #:
- 19091
- VIN:
- YV4L12UF4S2552769

2025 Volvo XC40
B5 Ultra Bright Theme AWD
15,113 km
$42,995
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Silver
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior colour:
- Black
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 84,389
- Stock #:
- U5901
- VIN:
- YV4L12UE1P2912773

2023 Volvo XC40
B5 Plus Bright Theme AWD
84,389 km
$30,298
- Year:
- 2024
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Gray
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 18,356
- Stock #:
- V9674
- VIN:
- YV4L12UL7R2272084

2024 Volvo XC40
B5 Plus Dark Theme AWD
18,356 km
$42,347
- Year:
- 2024
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Blue
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 16,816
- Stock #:
- R2-224102UV
- VIN:
- YV4L12UF4R2224102

2024 Volvo XC40
B5 Ultimate Bright Theme AWD
16,816 km
$46,468
CarGurus Analysis:
2024 Volvo XC40
With 108 currently listed for sale and an average price of $38,120 CAD, 35.2% of 2024 Volvo XC40 listings on CarGurus are rated as good or great deals.
Favourably reviewed: Owners rated the 2024 Volvo XC40 4 / 5 stars.
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Fjord Blue
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior colour:
- Black (Blond Lthr Comfort Seats w/Charcoal Intr, Blond)
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 120,059
- Stock #:
- A4477
- VIN:
- YV4L12UX4P2913305

2023 Volvo XC40
B5 Ultimate Dark Theme AWD
120,059 km
$32,223
- Year:
- 2025
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Green
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 14,140
- Stock #:
- D1802
- VIN:
- YV4L12UC0S2585161

2025 Volvo XC40
B5 Plus Dark Theme AWD
14,140 km
$44,377
- Year:
- 2024
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 80,133
- Stock #:
- RGK2128
- VIN:
- YV4L12UL0R2211952

2024 Volvo XC40
B5 Plus Dark Theme AWD
80,133 km
$32,498
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Red (Maroon)
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior colour:
- Black
- Transmission:
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Mileage:
- 82,500
- Stock #:
- 21218
- VIN:
- YV4L12UN6P2096210

2023 Volvo XC40
B5 Plus Bright Theme AWD
82,500 km
$31,987
- Year:
- 2024
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 28,187
- Stock #:
- D1768
- VIN:
- YV4L12UF3R2256202

2024 Volvo XC40
B5 Ultimate Bright Theme AWD
28,187 km
$44,377
- Year:
- 2024
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- White
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior colour:
- Blue
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 23,311
- Stock #:
- 129045
- VIN:
- YV4L12UF0R2207717

2024 Volvo XC40
B5 Ultimate Bright Theme AWD
23,311 km
$42,990
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Green
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 26,163
- Stock #:
- D1804
- VIN:
- YV4L12UX0P2912300

2023 Volvo XC40
B5 Ultimate Dark Theme AWD
26,163 km
$40,377
- Year:
- 2025
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Green
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior colour:
- Black
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 13,272
- Stock #:
- 124660
- VIN:
- YV4L12UM3S2452404

2025 Volvo XC40
B5 Ultra Dark Theme AWD
13,272 km
$46,990
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Onyx Black
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior colour:
- Black (Charcoal)
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 75,002
- Stock #:
- P6224
- VIN:
- YV4L12UW7P2928288

-$1,232
2023 Volvo XC40
B5 Plus Dark Theme AWD
75,002 km
$32,585
$31,850
- Year:
- 2023
- Make:
- Volvo
- Model:
- XC40
- Body type:
- SUV / Crossover
- Doors:
- 4 doors
- Drivetrain:
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine:
- 247 hp 2L I4
- Exterior colour:
- Silver
- Combined gas mileage:
- 9 L/100km
- Fuel type:
- Gasoline
- Interior colour:
- Black
- Transmission:
- Automatic
- Mileage:
- 84,389
- Stock #:
- U5901
- VIN:
- YV4L12UE1P2912773

Sponsored Listing
2023 Volvo XC40
B5 Plus Bright Theme AWD
84,389 km
$30,298
CarGurus Analysis: 2024 Volvo XC40

Summary
With 108 currently listed for sale and an average price of $38,120 CAD, 35.2% of 2024 Volvo XC40 listings on CarGurus are rated as good or great deals.
Favourably reviewed: Owners rated the 2024 Volvo XC40 4 / 5 stars.
Why it stands out
The 2024 Volvo XC40 stands out because it blends compact-SUV practicality with the kind of design and cabin ambience that make it feel more premium than its size suggests. Volvo’s smallest crossover brings a distinctive Scandinavian look, and the interior is described as high-end and minimalist, with quality materials, leather upholstery, and thoughtful details throughout. It also makes smart use of its footprint, offering impressive rear seat room and a large cargo area with a useful folding floor divider. For buyers who want something that feels different from the usual luxury subcompact SUV formula, that combination is a major part of the XC40’s appeal.
The 2024 model also benefits from Volvo’s safety-first reputation. Every XC40 comes standard with the Intellisafe suite of driver assistance and safety features, which helps make it an especially appealing choice for families and safety-conscious buyers. By this point in the model’s life, the XC40 had also adopted Volvo’s mild-hybrid B4 and B5 powertrains, and the 2024 model year specifically dropped the B4. The buying guide also notes that the facelifted and mild-hybrid model years start at roughly $30,000 for the 2023 and 2024 model years, which helps position the 2024 XC40 as a relatively accessible way into Volvo’s premium small-SUV range.
There are a few drawbacks to keep in mind. The buying guide points to poor rear visibility, touch-based interior controls that can be fiddly, and some reliability concerns. Even so, the 2024 Volvo XC40 remains appealing because it combines style, practicality, and a strong standard safety package in a package that feels thoughtfully executed rather than merely conventional.
Other model years to consider
- 2022 Volvo XC40
- Average price: $31,785 CAD
- Good/great deal percentage: 43.0%
- Total listings: 86
- 2021 Volvo XC40
- Average price: $29,123 CAD
- Good/great deal percentage: 35.3%
- User rating: 5 / 5
- Total listings: 68
- 2025 Volvo XC40
- Average price: $41,103 CAD
- Good/great deal percentage: 22.6%
- User rating: 5 / 5
- Total listings: 93
Similar models to consider
- 2024 BMW X1
- Average price: $42,540 CAD
- Good/great deal percentage: 37.7%
- Total listings: 310
- 2024 Audi Q3
- Average price: $36,930 CAD
- Good/great deal percentage: 40.4%
- Total listings: 265
- 2024 Mercedes-Benz GLA
- Average price: $33,893 CAD
- Good/great deal percentage: 33.3%
- Total listings: 102
This analysis is based on CarGurus' proprietary market data from October 2, 2026, CarGurus experts' opinions, and generative AI.
4.0 Overall rating
Filter by rating
Eric P
Reviewed a 2024 Volvo XC40 on Jan 11, 2026
Car runs & drives great. Looks very nice Have to use premium gas. Stereo works great. My only 2 complaints are: Touchscreen takes a lot of practice to find what you’re looking for. I’m sure after a few months I’ll have it all set upthe way I want it. Door handles on the outside froze down on me & it felt like I was going to rip the handle off trying to open the door. Mine is due for a software recall update so hopefully that will work out some of the issues I’ve had with the big touchscreen freezing up.
2024 Volvo XC40 Trims
| Trim type | MSRP |
|---|---|
| B5 Core Dark Theme AWD | $40,500 |
| B5 Ultimate Dark Theme AWD | $49,300 |
| B5 Core Bright Theme AWD | $40,500 |
| B5 Ultimate Bright Theme AWD | $49,300 |
| B5 Plus Bright Theme AWD | $45,500 |
| B5 Plus Dark Theme AWD | $45,500 |
2024 Volvo XC40 Price Trends
CarGurus tracks the prices of millions of used car listings every year. See how the average price of 2024 Volvo XC40 prices has changed over time.
See more price trends2024 Volvo XC40 Pricing Analysis
Pricing by Popular Canadian Cities
Market Area: Nationwide
Key Insights
- Highest-Price Market: Edmonton, AB leads with an average price of $44,453 CAD, indicating a premium market for the XC40 in this city.
- Best Value: Vancouver, BC offers the lowest average price at $31,483 CAD, presenting a more affordable option for shoppers.
- Inventory Drives Stability: Toronto, ON has the most listings at 50, suggesting a robust market presence that may enhance buyer options and price stability.
City-Level Pricing
| City | Total Listings | Avg Price |
|---|---|---|
| Toronto, ON | 50 | $36,415 CAD |
| Montreal, QC | 48 | $37,976 CAD |
| Ottawa, ON | 43 | $38,743 CAD |
| London, ON | 31 | $32,643 CAD |
| Quebec, QC | 29 | $38,083 CAD |
| Edmonton, AB | 14 | $44,453 CAD |
| Calgary, AB | 11 | $36,990 CAD |
| Vancouver, BC | 8 | $31,483 CAD |
Pricing by Trim Packages
Key Insights
- Volume Leader: The B5 Plus Dark Theme AWD is the most listed trim with 39 units available, indicating strong demand for this configuration.
- Premium Spread: The B5 Ultimate Bright Theme AWD and B5 Ultimate Dark Theme AWD both have an MSRP of $49,300 CAD, reflecting a premium price point for higher-end features.
- Drivetrain Effect: All trims listed feature an AWD drivetrain, which may appeal to buyers in regions with diverse weather conditions.
Trim-Level Details
| Trim | Listings | MSRP | Drivetrain | Engine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B5 Plus Dark Theme AWD | 39 | $45,500 CAD | AWD | 2.0L 247 hp I4 |
| B5 Core Bright Theme AWD | 19 | $40,500 CAD | AWD | 2.0L 247 hp I4 |
| B5 Plus Bright Theme AWD | 12 | $45,500 CAD | AWD | 2.0L 247 hp I4 |
| B5 Ultimate Bright Theme AWD | 11 | $49,300 CAD | AWD | 2.0L 247 hp I4 |
| B5 Ultimate Dark Theme AWD | 10 | $49,300 CAD | AWD | 2.0L 247 hp I4 |
| B5 Core Dark Theme AWD | 3 | $40,500 CAD | AWD | 2.0L 247 hp I4 |
Pricing Analysis by Model Year
Key Insights
- New-Car Premium: The 2026 model year is priced above the starting MSRP at an average price of $42,244 CAD, indicating a strong demand for newer models.
- Depreciation Curve: The 2019 model year shows the steepest depreciation at -43.8%, suggesting significant value loss as vehicles age.
- Best Value Sweet Spot: The 2025 model year, with an average price of $34,231 CAD, represents a potential sweet spot for buyers looking for value without sacrificing modern features.
Model Year Pricing
| Model Year | Starting MSRP | Avg Price | Avg Price vs Starting MSRP |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | $39,900 CAD | $42,244 CAD | +5.9% |
| 2025 | $40,650 CAD | $34,231 CAD | -15.8% |
| 2024 | $40,500 CAD | $30,687 CAD | -24.2% |
| 2023 | $36,350 CAD | $27,649 CAD | -23.9% |
| 2022 | $35,100 CAD | $24,370 CAD | -30.6% |
| 2021 | $33,700 CAD | $22,279 CAD | -33.9% |
| 2020 | $33,700 CAD | $21,238 CAD | -37.0% |
| 2019 | $33,700 CAD | $18,956 CAD | -43.8% |
These recommendations are based on CarGurus' proprietary market data from September 25, 2026, CarGurus experts' opinions, and generative AI.
How much does the 2024 Volvo XC40 cost?
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Current Average Price | $38,127 CAD |
| Year-Round Low | $37,601 CAD |
| Year-Round High | $44,184 CAD |
| Average Price a Year Ago | $43,736 CAD |
| Change vs. Last Year | −12.82% |
Prices have softened 12.82% compared to this time last year, making it a favourable time to shop this model year.
There are 111 listings available, which suggests a healthy amount of inventory to compare.
Is the 2024 Volvo XC40 a good car?
Generally — the 4/5 user rating points to a well-liked small luxury SUV, and the 2024 XC40’s appeal comes from its compact-SUV practicality, premium-feeling cabin, and distinctive Scandinavian design. It also makes smart use of its footprint with impressive rear seat room and a large cargo area, while the standard safety suite adds extra appeal if you want a family-friendly premium crossover. 31.5% of listings are priced as good or great deals, which gives you some room to shop selectively.
Is the 2024 Volvo XC40 reliable?
Owners rate it 4/5, a solid signal of long-term satisfaction.
The 2024 XC40 does have some noted drawbacks, including poor rear visibility, touch-based controls that can be fiddly, and some reliability concerns. For used buyers, that means long-term ownership risk is worth weighing carefully against the model’s strengths in comfort, safety, and everyday usability.
Is now a good time to buy a used 2024 Volvo XC40?
This looks like a moderate, selective buyer’s market, so you can shop patiently and still find worthwhile listings.
- Deal availability: 31.5% of listings are priced as good or great deals.
- Inventory: There are 111 listings available.
- Price trend: Prices have softened 12.82% compared with last year.
If you find a listing below $37,601 CAD, that's toward the low end of the year-round range and worth acting on quickly.
What is the 2024 Volvo XC40's resale value?
The current average of $38,127 CAD sits slightly below last year's $43,736 CAD.
That softer pricing can help you buy more confidently now, but it also means future resale expectations should stay realistic if the market remains competitive. The XC40’s premium image, standard safety equipment, and distinctive design should help it stay appealing to used shoppers. Still, the recent price decline suggests sellers may need to price carefully to stand out.
Vehicles with solid owner satisfaction ratings, like this model year's 4/5, tend to retain buyer demand, which supports resale value over time.
Should I buy a 2024 Volvo XC40 or consider a different year?
If you're weighing the 2024 against nearby model years, here's how to think about it:
Choose the 2024 if:
- 31.5% of listings are priced as good or great deals.
- Price trend: Prices have softened 12.82% compared with last year.
- Owners rate it 4/5 — a solid satisfaction signal.
Consider the 2023 if:
- At $33,361 CAD, the 2023 costs less than the current year's $38,127 CAD average.
- It adds a refreshed look and updated mild-hybrid tech.
The bottom line: If you want the stronger value play, the 2024 is the better target when you can find a well-priced example. If your priority is spending less up front, the 2023 is the smarter secondary path because it delivers much of the same XC40 character for less money.
These recommendations are based on CarGurus' proprietary market data from September 29, 2026, CarGurus experts' opinions, and generative AI.
