what cause in a vw passat that the doors (window and side mirror) and the starter not to work?

Check your relay fuses first it could be some blown fuses that need to be replaced anything that needs power or an electrical outlet has its independent fuse and are super easy to replace and cost between 3 to 12 dollars per fuse if that doesn't work the most plausible explanation is the window motor is toast and needs to be replaced. The starter motor could be bad but if your car is trying to crank or cranking so if you get anything more then a click the starter is good. Check the battery do a quick test to see if your headlights are nice and bright usually that indicate that the battery and it's connections are okay but if they are dim that means the battery and or connections are having problems if that doesn't help try to rotate the engine over by hand if you can get to the crankshaft bolt try to rotate it by hand with the help of a socket if it moves you can breathe the sigh of relief from major engine mechanical issues or even a locked up engine If it didn't move at all then basically your engine is basically toast inside and honestly no way that starter will start that engine if the engine can't turn over so your starter could be bad or the engine itself is

could possibly be a broken cable. my old audi had the cable between the points rot off and this was the cause of my starter issue. But would be good place to start at the relays